Cowpea high-yield planting technology
First, the growth and development characteristics of cowpea
The individual development of cowpea, in terms of vine species, can be divided into four periods, seed germination, seedling, vine, and flowering pods from seeding to pod ripening or seed maturity.
1. Seed germination period
Cotyledons are unearthed, no photosynthesis is used, and storage nutrients are decomposed and used during germination. Later, photosynthesis will be carried out and living independently.
2, seedling stage
The first pair of true leaves is carried out until 7-8 compound leaves are seedling stage;
The seedling period is short, the stem is erect, and the root system is gradually developed.
3, the pumping period
There are 7-8 compound leaves to the buds of the plants. During this period, the main vines rapidly elongate and the nodules begin to form.
4, flowering pod stage
After the plant is budded until the end of harvesting of the pod or the maturity of the seed, it is often 50-60 days, depending on the variety and cultivation season.
Second, the cultivation environment of cowpea
1, temperature
Germination temperature: 25-35 degrees;
Growth and development temperature: 20-25 degrees;
Temperature >35 degrees < less than 15 degrees, growth pods are affected;
When it is close to 0 °C, the plants will suffer from freezing damage.
2, lighting
Short days can accelerate the growth and development of cowpeas, early maturity, and when the light is insufficient, it will cause the flowers to fall.
3, moisture
Excessive soil moisture → reduced germination rate, rotten root dead seedlings, falling flowers and pods;
Insufficient soil moisture → inhibit the growth and development of cowpea and reduce yield.
4. Soil
Soil with good drainage performance, loose and fertile soil and soil pH of pH 6.2-7.
5, fertilization
Appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer.
Third, the cultivation technology of cowpea
1, good seed selection
Commonly used varieties are the 豇 series, Yang 豇 series, Nanjing star series, Yan belt 七, seven inch 豇, eight inch 豇, 豇 豇 beans.
2. Cultivation season and sowing date
Early spring cowpea: In the 3-4 months, seedlings can be planted in greenhouses and other facilities. After mid-April, the film can be broadcast live, and the ground can be broadcast live from the end of April to the beginning of May;
Spring and summer cowpeas are planted in mid-July; autumn cowpeas are planted from July to early August.
3, soil preparation and application of base fertilizer
Avoid continuous cropping, need to rotate for more than two years; before harvesting, deep ploughing 20-30cm, 3000kg per base of fertilizer, 25-30kg of superphosphate, 50-75kg of ash or ash, or 10-20kg of potassium sulphate.
4, reasonable close planting
In the early spring, cowpea should be planted when the first pair of true leaves has not yet been unfolded; the principle of planting small and planting drought should be mastered in planting; two plants per planting should be planted when planting; the summer and autumn cowpeas are mostly broadcast live, and the seeding rate per hole is 3-4 or 4-5 grains; seeding density row spacing is 0.8-1m, plant spacing 0.26-0.33m.
4. Field management of cowpea cultivation
1. Field management of cowpea cultivation
Mainly include: fertilizer and water management, plant adjustment, establishment of stents, temperature and water management, pruning and topping, harvesting and so on.
2. Pest control
Locust: Spray with 40% dimethoate every 7-10 days.
Bean wild donkey: 800 times with dichlorvos in the cowpea flowering period, spray once every 6-10 days.
Kidney bean coal mold: It can be controlled by spraying 2-3 with 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution or 50% thiophanate 1000 times solution.
Cowpea rust: Spray with 70% methyl thiophanate WP 1000 times or 65% sensitized zinc 500 times solution, spray once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-3 times continuously.
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