Comprehensive management of drought resistance in orchard
1. Under high temperature and dry conditions, to avoid abnormal fruit dropping of fruit trees, it is recommended that fruit growers use small water to irrigate slowly in the morning and evening, and water can be cut off when the ditch is full.
2. Under drought conditions, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests such as red, yellow spider, thrips, grape powdery mildew, cob brown blight, jujube scorch leaf disease and so on in orchard.
3. It is recommended that fruit growers strictly follow the low-concentration paired spraying provided in the pesticide instructions, and avoid mixing pesticides with the same mechanism of action to ensure safe application under conditions of high temperature, drought and strong sunlight.
4. When applying fertilizer for promoting shoots and strong shoots of young trees, the application of liquid fertilizer is recommended, and dry application should not be avoided to prevent the fertilizer from burning roots due to lack of water.
5. Grapes are prone to produce sunburned fruits under the conditions of drought and strong sunlight. The method to prevent sunburn: the sunburn of the fruits can be sprayed with slaked lime slurry or stickers. Grapes can appropriately increase the number of leaves on the auxiliary shoots, and reduce the strong light through the shelter of the leaves.
6. The methods for preventing fruit cracking for long periods of drought include: appropriate application of potassium fertilizer; during fruit swelling period, spray 0.3% urea solution, 30×10-6 gibberellin solution, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 0.3% superphosphate leaching solution , Once a week, spray twice. One spray can be added before heavy rain; for orchards where conditions permit, spray water or spray irrigation in the morning and evening to increase air humidity and reduce fruit cracking; combined with fruit thinning, timely removal of deformed fruits, pests and diseases, because of deformed fruits and pests The fruit cracking rate is higher.
7. The method of preventing excessive transpiration of moisture from the tree body for long periods of time: wipe or cut off excessive summer shoots in time to reduce the transpiration area of ​​leaves; at the same time, try not to cause too many large mechanical wounds during summer cutting to avoid the loss of tree body moisture from the wound.
8. Measures to prevent excessive evaporation of soil moisture for long periods of time: For orchards with a shade ratio of less than 0.8%, straw, thatch or other crop straws can be used for ground cover to reduce soil moisture evaporation and drastic changes in soil temperature; conditions are available during spring drought. The orchard can also be covered with plastic film to achieve moisture retention and temperature increase; combined with weeding and timely shallow tillage, especially after irrigation or heavy rain, in order to prevent soil compaction and reduce soil moisture evaporation, shallow middle tillage can be used to cut off the soil Capillary, loose soil, achieve good water retention effect.
9. Methods to prevent seedlings from high temperature and drought: interplanting between orchards to increase ground coverage. For young orchards with no or poor irrigation conditions, according to the soil moisture, water the tree trays in time by picking water, and cover the trays with grass or cover a layer of dry soil after watering to achieve the purpose of water retention.
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