Causes and Prevention of Premature Decay of Processed Tomato
Rigel 87-5 tomato has the advantages of high yield and adaptability, but at the same time there are also problems of prone to premature aging. First, the symptoms and signs of premature aging are usually sporadic from the beginning of July, with the most severe from the end of July to mid-August. The leaves of the affected plants first appeared yellow and later turned gray or gray-yellow. Finally, the whole plant branches and leaves died of dryness. The disease initially sporadically occurred, then gradually spread, and eventually became a piece or until all the plants died. In general, the occurrence of heavy land on sandy land or low-grade organic matter is relatively heavy. The land with a weaker plant and the more prosperous land is heavier, and the shade is more severe than the open land. Second, the cause of the disease. Judging from the observations, the main causes of premature aging are: 1. Induced adverse environmental conditions. Judging from the observations, this breed showed a growth condition of hi-fertilizer, hi-warm, and dry, but was not resistant to high temperature and high humidity. Therefore, the disease is prone to develop on lands with high groundwater levels, low soil organic matter content, or shaded floodplain, newly opened land, and easily shaded orchards. At the same time, the disease is further exacerbated by high temperature and rainy weather in summer. The occurrence and spread. 2. Wrong cultivation techniques cause the disease to occur. According to the introduction of the variety resources, the cultivation density of this variety is 3700 per mu. However, because most of the farmers in my county were planted in the first year, they feared that the yield of the seedlings was low, so the plant spacing was arbitrarily narrowed at the time of sowing, and the seeding rate was increased. During the growing season, the seedlings and seedlings were not carried out according to the technical regulations, resulting in excessive plant density. Affect the ventilation and light transmission, resulting in plant nutrient deficiency or pests and diseases, which induce premature aging. During the ripe harvest of tomato, part of the masses was disorderly harvested, and the number of harvests was excessively or excessively turned upside down and dumped, thus aggravating the occurrence of the disease. 3, pests and diseases have a great impact on premature aging. Due to the fact that the tomato itself has the characteristics of susceptibility to diseases, combined with unfavorable cultivation techniques and unfriendly environmental conditions, the tomato is susceptible to devastating diseases such as early blight, late blight, and leaf mold in the process of growth, resulting in tomato plant resistance. Conversely, it has aggravated the incidence of premature aging. Third, control measures 1, scientific fertilization is the key to the prevention and treatment of this disease. Because tomatoes have the characteristics of fertilizer and fertilizer, therefore, in order to win high yields, the principle of using basal fertilizer as main fertilizer and supplementing topdressing fertilizer must be followed in the fertilization, paying special attention to the application of farmyard manure. At the same time more potassium fertilizer. The application of basal fertilizer requires the use of more than 10,000 kilograms of high quality manure per acre, 40 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 80 kilograms of superphosphate, and more than 25 kilograms of potassium sulphate. After combining irrigated water, it can be applied once or twice a second, combined with the control of pests and diseases. Foliage dressing 3-4 times. 2, reasonable irrigation. Processing tomato irrigation should follow the rule of small-large-small during the early, middle and later stages of growth, that is, the seedling stage should aim at cultivating strong seedlings. It is necessary to control irrigation and prevent leggy growth. After fruit set, fruit enlargement period to maturity before, in order to increase production and efficiency as the goal, to create a reasonable nutritional area, a larger amount of water, so that irrigation should be ground, depending on the extent of soil drought, to maintain irrigation about 15 days 1 time. During the ripening period of fruit harvesting, irrigation should be controlled so that no drought and no irrigation can be done to prevent the seedlings from leaching into the water and causing fruit rot. The general principle of irrigation is the use of small water ground irrigation to prevent flooding, but it is also not allowed to flood the ridge. 3, appropriate sparse. According to the planting experience in one year, the ridge width is 80 cm, the ditch width is 40 cm, and the ridge height is 25 cm or more (depending on the groundwater level, the groundwater level is high, the ridge height is above 30 cm, and the groundwater level is low. The ridge height is about 25 centimeters and the triangle colonization is conducted at a spacing of 50 centimeters and 35 centimeters, and 3,200-3,500 acres of seedlings per mu are appropriate.4.Strengthen prevention and control of pests and diseases.It has been observed that the prone diseases of the processed tomato mainly include: Phytophthora root rot Diseases, stem rot, early blight, late blight, leaf mold, soft rot, viral disease, umbilical rot, sun burning; pests include locusts, red spider, whitefly, cotton bollworm, etc. According to different periods, The characteristics and laws of the occurrence of different pests and diseases are based on the principle of prevention and integrated prevention and control, so that early detection and early treatment can be achieved to ensure normal plant growth.