Blind insects may be the best method of deworming
According to research conducted by Rockefeller University, the smell of “blind†insects may be the best method of deworming. Pests have far-reaching negative effects on crops and human health. They are a culprit in reducing global food production and spreading many diseases. In the fierce battle between humans and harmful insects, a study of insect olfaction by Vosshall and colleagues in collaboration with Sentigen Biosciences may eventually provide humans with a super-control measure. A related article on this study was published on Current Biology on February 22, 2005. The researchers studied four different kinds of insects, namely harmless fruit flies commonly used by researchers, citrus pest medfly, corn ear moth, and malaria mosquitoes that attack humans. They found that a gene that controls the flies' olfaction has the same function in these pests. Although these insects have sensitive olfactory cells, they have very different odor preferences. However, this odorant receptor is highly conserved among different species. Previous studies in the Vossall laboratory have demonstrated that there are 62 olfactory receptors in Drosophila, but only one receptor, Or83b, is critical to the flies' sense of smell. When they knocked out the gene, the mutant flies couldn't smell many different odors. Then, the researchers examined 61 other odorant receptors in Drosophila and found that these proteins could not reach the olfactory nerve terminals. Even in the same insect species, there are differences in olfactory receptor proteins. Researchers speculate that each receptor binds to different odor molecules, helping insects identify a large number of odors in the environment. The researchers also found that even though the Or83b genes of different insect species are different, such genes from other insect species can restore the sense of smell of fruit flies that have lost their Or83b genes. Although studies have shown that the effects of different Or83b genes on the sense of smell of each insect are equally important, Vosshall believes this information may provide a starting point for future pesticide design and development of insect repellents for disease control.
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