Benzene hazards and prevention

Benzene is a colorless, transparent, volatile liquid that has a strong aroma and is toxic. Excessive exposure to benzene can cause benzene poisoning. Benzene poisoning may occur in the manufacture of benzene and derivatives, manufacturing of lacquer, painting, rubber bonding, dye intermediate manufacturing, organic synthesis, and leather bonding using benzene as a solvent. Benzene vapor is heavier than air, insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether and acetone, and forms an explosive mixture with air. Benzene is widely used in industry and is mainly used as a chemical raw material and organic solvent. It is widely used in the production of spices, dyes, plastics, pesticides, explosives, rubber, paints, glues and other products. Symptoms of benzene poisoning are: Inhalation of large amounts of high concentrations of benzene vapor in a short time can cause acute benzene poisoning. The degree of poisoning is related to the concentration of benzene exposure and contact time. Lighter persons are excited or drunken, afraid of light, tearing, blurred vision, dizziness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, gait, etc. Severe coma, convulsions, blood pressure, respiratory and circulatory failure. Chronic poisoning is manifested as damage to the nervous system and blood system, with symptoms of neurasthenia, poor regeneration of the hematopoietic system, or toxic anemia of aplastic anemia. At the same time there will be bleeding tendency of the skin and mucous membranes, dry skin and chapped. Due to the health status and operating environment of each poisoning patient, individuals have different susceptibility to poisons, and the toxic conditions and specific performance are also inconsistent. Treatment measures are: In the event of an acute benzene poisoning accident, the poisoned person should be quickly moved to a fresh air, removed from the clothes contaminated by poison, washed skin with warm water and kept warm. Breathe oxygen if necessary. If breathing stops, give artificial respiration immediately. In the event of eye burns, rinse immediately with water and apply cortisone eye ointment. Once a benzene leak occurs, people in the contaminated area should be evacuated to the safe area for isolation and cut off the fire source. The personnel handling the site should wear positive pressure air respirator and wear protective clothing to cut off the leakage source as quickly as possible to prevent poisons from entering the sewer. Small leaks can be absorbed with activated carbon or other inert materials. A large number of leaks will require the construction of dikes or digging pits, covered with foam to reduce evaporation. And use explosion-proof pump to transfer to tanker or special container for proper treatment. We must strengthen the prevention and control of production sites associated with benzene. We should strengthen ventilation and detoxification, install comprehensive ventilation facilities, and input fresh air in a timely manner. For places where volatile benzene is partially exposed, facilities such as exhaust hoods should be installed next to painting booths and dipping booths. The benzene concentration in the ambient air should be regularly monitored and the national health standard should be 40 mg/m3. Employees engaged in benzene operations should do a pre-employment medical examination. The staff members should undergo a physical examination once a year to check the white blood cell count and hemoglobin quantification. Platelet counts, white blood cell classification, and bone marrow imaging can be performed when necessary.

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