Occurrence and Control of Rice Flax Spot
Rice leaf spot disease is also known as rice leaf blight. From the seedling stage to the harvest stage, the leaves that are damaged by the leaf spot of the flax, the photosynthesis may be affected, which limits the vegetative growth of the plant. Generally, the year can reduce production by about 10%.
First, the characteristics of occurrence
1. Symptoms can occur from the seedling stage to the harvest period, the aboveground part of the rice plant can be damaged, with many leaves, the seed bud stage, the colebra becomes brown, the buds are not taken out, the cotyledon is dead, and the leaves and sheaths are attacked at the seedling stage. Mostly elliptic lesions, such as flax grain size, dark brown, and sometimes lesions expand into strips, lesions often dead. The leaves of adult plants become brown dots at the beginning of the disease and gradually expand into elliptic spots. The lesions are brown to gray in the center, brown on the edges, and there are yellow halos of different shades around. In severe cases, they become irregular large spots, and the diseased leaves are pointed to the tip. When dry and wet, dead moulds produce black mouldy (spores and conidiospores). The leaf sheaths were infected, and the lesions were oval-shaped at the beginning, dark brown, with brownish edges, water-stained, and later became irregular large spots with a central taupe. The incidence of panicle neck and branch stems, the victim's dark brown, causing the ear to dry. The grain was infected, and the grain of the early victim was black and gray and expanded to full grain, causing the valley. When the climate is humid, the above-mentioned disease minister has a black fungus layer, which is a conidiophore and conidia of the pathogen.
Second, the cause of the disease
1. The etiological pathogen is Daopingulum spp., which belongs to the fungus community (asexual spores).
2. Incidence of pathogenic bacteria Mycelium was overwintering on the diseased body or attached to the seed and became the source of infestation in early winter. The conidia on the lesion can survive for 2-3 years under dry conditions. The latent mycelium can survive for 3-4 years. The mycelium turns into the soil and loses its viability after one winter. The infected seeds are sown and latent mycelium The seedlings can be directly invaded. The conidia can be blown by wind to the fields of Putian or Honda. The germinating mycelium can directly invade or invade from the stomata. When the conditions are suitable, the disease will appear quickly and conidiospores will form, which will be re-infested by wind and rain. . High temperature, high humidity, and heavy fog in the presence of fog, acid soil, sandy soil, phosphorus deficiency and potassium are easy to cause disease, and drought and flood incidence is heavy. Mycelial growth temperature 5-35°C, 24-30°C optimum, conidia formation temperature 8-33°C, 30°C optimum, germination temperature 2-40°C, 24-30°C optimum, spores germinated with water droplets Presence, relative humidity greater than 92%. Under saturated humidity, 25-28 °C, 4 hours can invade the host.
Third, prevention and control technology
l. Deep plowing, reducing the source of bacteria. Diseased straw should be disposed of in time.
2. Seed disinfection before sowing.
3. Increase the use of decomposed compost as a base fertilizer, top-dressing in time, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. In particular, the application of potash fertilizer can increase the disease resistance of plants. Acidic soil pay attention to drainage, appropriate use of lime, shallow irrigation ground irrigation, to avoid long-term flooding caused by poor ventilation.
4. Chemical control. It can be used as a seed coating agent for clomazone in rice seed soaking to prevent and control rice bursa leaf spot disease. It can also be sprayed with 30% benzalkonyl chloride (Ai Miao) EC 300 times solution for prevention and treatment.
First, the characteristics of occurrence
1. Symptoms can occur from the seedling stage to the harvest period, the aboveground part of the rice plant can be damaged, with many leaves, the seed bud stage, the colebra becomes brown, the buds are not taken out, the cotyledon is dead, and the leaves and sheaths are attacked at the seedling stage. Mostly elliptic lesions, such as flax grain size, dark brown, and sometimes lesions expand into strips, lesions often dead. The leaves of adult plants become brown dots at the beginning of the disease and gradually expand into elliptic spots. The lesions are brown to gray in the center, brown on the edges, and there are yellow halos of different shades around. In severe cases, they become irregular large spots, and the diseased leaves are pointed to the tip. When dry and wet, dead moulds produce black mouldy (spores and conidiospores). The leaf sheaths were infected, and the lesions were oval-shaped at the beginning, dark brown, with brownish edges, water-stained, and later became irregular large spots with a central taupe. The incidence of panicle neck and branch stems, the victim's dark brown, causing the ear to dry. The grain was infected, and the grain of the early victim was black and gray and expanded to full grain, causing the valley. When the climate is humid, the above-mentioned disease minister has a black fungus layer, which is a conidiophore and conidia of the pathogen.
Second, the cause of the disease
1. The etiological pathogen is Daopingulum spp., which belongs to the fungus community (asexual spores).
2. Incidence of pathogenic bacteria Mycelium was overwintering on the diseased body or attached to the seed and became the source of infestation in early winter. The conidia on the lesion can survive for 2-3 years under dry conditions. The latent mycelium can survive for 3-4 years. The mycelium turns into the soil and loses its viability after one winter. The infected seeds are sown and latent mycelium The seedlings can be directly invaded. The conidia can be blown by wind to the fields of Putian or Honda. The germinating mycelium can directly invade or invade from the stomata. When the conditions are suitable, the disease will appear quickly and conidiospores will form, which will be re-infested by wind and rain. . High temperature, high humidity, and heavy fog in the presence of fog, acid soil, sandy soil, phosphorus deficiency and potassium are easy to cause disease, and drought and flood incidence is heavy. Mycelial growth temperature 5-35°C, 24-30°C optimum, conidia formation temperature 8-33°C, 30°C optimum, germination temperature 2-40°C, 24-30°C optimum, spores germinated with water droplets Presence, relative humidity greater than 92%. Under saturated humidity, 25-28 °C, 4 hours can invade the host.
Third, prevention and control technology
l. Deep plowing, reducing the source of bacteria. Diseased straw should be disposed of in time.
2. Seed disinfection before sowing.
3. Increase the use of decomposed compost as a base fertilizer, top-dressing in time, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. In particular, the application of potash fertilizer can increase the disease resistance of plants. Acidic soil pay attention to drainage, appropriate use of lime, shallow irrigation ground irrigation, to avoid long-term flooding caused by poor ventilation.
4. Chemical control. It can be used as a seed coating agent for clomazone in rice seed soaking to prevent and control rice bursa leaf spot disease. It can also be sprayed with 30% benzalkonyl chloride (Ai Miao) EC 300 times solution for prevention and treatment.
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