Many measures have been taken to ensure high yields
In the early spring of this year, the weather was overcast, sunny and changeable, the temperature fluctuated greatly, the daily management of the sheds became more difficult, and the vegetables were abnormal frequently, especially the physiological diseases such as wilting, gas damage, and phytotoxicity. It is still cold at first, and there are many problems in the shed. It is recommended that vegetable farmers take multiple measures and deal with it scientifically.
The weather is cloudy, sunny and changeable, and vegetables are often harmed
Wilting vegetables
Continuous cloudy days, long-term closed shed heat preservation, high humidity in the shed, low leaf transpiration, weakened root activity of the plant, and reduced absorption function. After a sudden sunny day, the leaf transpiration increases, and the water absorbed by the root system cannot meet the transpiration demand of the leaf, resulting in wilting. At the same time, after a sunny day, the heat preservation is too urgent, the air volume is large, and the nutrient transportation functions of the above ground and underground are not coordinated. The nutrients absorbed by the root system cannot be supplied to the leaves in time, causing the leaves to wilt.
Air hazard
First, the manure is not mature and burns the seedlings. The use of incompletely decomposed organic fertilizers will cause vegetable burning roots and fumigation, and this situation may also occur when a large amount of semi-decomposed or mostly semi-decomposed organic fertilizers are used. If the amount of organic fertilizer that is not completely decomposed is large, and the plowing is shallow, a large amount of manure is concentrated on the shallow surface, and the decomposing process is accelerated under the conditions of good ventilation and suitable environment, which will cause root burning and fumigation. Secondly, improper use of fertilizers can cause air damage. Before and after cloudy days, use fertilizers with higher nitrogen or sulfur content, and the sheds should be closed and ventilated for less time. After these fertilizers are decomposed, ammonia and sulfur dioxide will be produced, which will cause air damage to the bottom leaves. In addition, the non-standard use of stoves, charcoal, heating blocks, etc. in the shed may also produce harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide, leading to gas hazards.
Phytotoxicity
There are two reasons for the frequent occurrence of phytotoxicity: First, there are many kinds of medicines. In recent years, the types of high-incidence insect pests on vegetables have increased. For comprehensive prevention and control, vegetable farmers have mixed many kinds of chemicals at one time, plus foliar fertilizers and regulators, which have increased the probability of occurrence of phytotoxicity.
The second is medication on cloudy days. When the weather is fine, the spraying interval is longer, usually once every 10-15 days, but in rainy weather, the humidity in the shed is high, the light is weak, the vegetable resistance is weak, the pests are prone to outbreaks, the number of sprays increases, and the interval between sprays shorten. Under the premise that the metabolism of vegetables is weak, this kind of medicine will not only make it difficult to cure the diseases, but also vegetables are more prone to harm.
Approach
It is recommended that when encountering the above situation, the vegetable grower should judge the symptoms in time and relieve the symptoms. At the same time, in the management process, vegetable farmers should also pay attention to the following aspects:
First, strengthen ventilation. Problems such as wilting, air damage, and phytotoxicity are all related to the long-term lack of ventilation in the shed. Therefore, the most important thing in the management of the shed is reasonable ventilation.
Second, strengthen and promote roots. The current ground temperature is low and the root activity is poor. After vegetables are damaged, the absorption function will decrease. At this time, care should be taken to promote roots and ensure nutrient supply. It is recommended to use monosilicic acid, chitin, alginic acid and other flushing applications in advance to improve the soil and promote rooting. At the same time, vegetable farmers should appropriately raise the night temperature and use high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer to accelerate plant growth.
The third cultivating leaves. The damage to the blades caused by air damage is ******. It is necessary to maintain the blades at the fastest speed, improve the resistance to stress, and reduce the degree of damage. It is recommended to spray Bihu, Aiduoshou and foliar fertilizer containing seaweed and chitin immediately after the leaves are damaged to repair the damaged cells.
Protect the functional leaves for a long time
In the environment of rapid temperature rise and strong sunlight, the transpiration of the functional leaves of vegetables is enhanced to a large extent, and this part of the leaves will be damaged first, showing water loss and wilting. In severe cases, it will be green and dry and cannot be recovered. After the functional leaves are burned, the effective photosynthetic leaf area of ​​the plant will be reduced, the synthesis of organic nutrients will be less, and the differentiation of plant flower buds, fruit swelling, and root growth will be affected. Therefore, after a long period of time, the functional leaves must be protected. In general, we should start with the following aspects.
Store temperature in advance
Under normal weather conditions, take the hot pepper as an example. When the temperature of the shed rises to 27-28℃, perform a small ventilation first, and keep the vent 3-5 cm. When the temperature of the shed rises to 30℃, pull the large vent to 10 cm. For shed heat preservation, the air outlet will be closed at 21-22℃ in the afternoon, and the heat preservation quilt will be lowered after half an hour. In the fine weather before rain and snow, the temperature should be stored in advance. The specific method is that the heat preservation is properly pulled early and late to let the vegetables see as much light as possible, store organic nutrients, and increase the temperature storage of the shed and the ground. Deal with the impact of low temperature on vegetables. Of course, there are many other insulation measures in the shed, such as setting up a shed in the shed, using burning blocks, etc., which can effectively help the vegetables resist the invasion of low temperature.
Pay attention to shading after being overcast for a long time
After a long period of overcast and sunny, shading properly and giving the plants a certain amount of time for buffer adjustment. For example, you can pull the flower thatch, you can pull one bed apart, and the insulation quilt can be pulled up by 1/3 first, and then gradually pulled up, so that the vegetables are slowly exposed to the light, and the temperature of the shed rises slowly to avoid acute wilting. .
Improve leaf resistance
Replenish leaf water and nutrients in time to relieve root pressure. Before even cloudy days, it is necessary to promptly supplement foliar nutrition, such as alginic acid or chitin and full-nutrient foliar fertilizer to enhance the stress resistance of the leaves; spray warm water at 25℃ in time after sunny days to supplement the leaf surface water and reduce the effect of leaves on the roots. Consumption of nutrients and water. Apply root-promoting and root-keeping fertilizer in time after sunny days to promote the development of root system. Practice has proved that the effect of using functional substances such as chitin and alginic acid on vegetables has been verified. Chitin can induce physiological changes of vegetables themselves and produce substances that improve vegetable resistance. For example, the combination of chitin and abamectin to control root-knot nematodes is to rely on chitin to induce physiological changes in vegetables, reduce nematode resistance, and improve the effect of pesticides. After spraying with alginic acid, it can induce the differentiation of flower buds, improve the stress resistance of vegetables, and the effect is obvious.
After the weather gets warmer, the vegetables are managed like this
The weather is gradually warming up, and vegetable production in protected areas has gradually entered a period of prosperous and high yield. On the other hand, various problems in vegetable production have gradually entered a period of high incidence. In order to reduce various diseases and ensure the healthy growth of vegetables, high and stable production, it is recommended that you do it in advance The following works:
Strengthen nutrition, keep fruits rationally and cultivate strong plants
The process of vegetable growth is the process of specialization of nutrient absorption. Rapid growth and increased yield also require more nutrient supply. Many problems in the production during this period were caused by poor nutritional supply, such as topping of cucumbers and melons, yellow leaflets on the top leaves of eggplants, and hollow tomatoes of tomatoes. It is recommended that you take the following measures:
1. Reasonably retain fruit according to the growth of the plant. When the plant is weak, the fruit will be thinned in time to reduce the nutrient consumption of the plant, and the fruit will be less retained in bad weather such as continuous cloudy days.
2. Flush alginic acid, chitin and other roots, and choose appropriate amount of water-soluble fertilizer according to the growth of the plant.
3. Supplement foliar fertilizer in time to relieve root absorption pressure, spray fish protein, free amino acids, all-element foliar fertilizer, etc.
Control the temperature and balance the growth
Balanced growth is a key factor for high-quality and high-yield vegetables, and the temperature in the shed largely affects the growth of the plants, and drastic changes in temperature will have a great adverse effect on the growth of vegetables. On the one hand, the temperature of the shed rises too fast, especially the high night temperature will cause the plants to grow, flower, fruit and other problems; on the other hand, the sharp drop of the shed temperature will cause low-temperature chilling damage, such as curling of the top leaf and purple fruit of pepper. In spring, the temperature rises quickly, the ground temperature is relatively low, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and the occasional cold weather in spring can easily cause drastic changes in the temperature in the shed, which has an adverse effect on vegetable production. It is recommended that everyone pay attention to the following aspects:
1. It is important to control the night temperature
Higher night temperature is an important factor for plant growth. In fine weather, the temperature of the shed will be high and the night temperature will be relatively high. It is necessary to pull the grass curtain early and put the grass curtain in the evening. Even in cloudy and low light weather, the night temperature should be lower than usual by 2-3°C.
2. The temperature difference between day and night is too large
Appropriate temperature difference between day and night can promote high yield of plants, but if the temperature difference exceeds 20 ℃, it will cause low temperature and chilling injury. It is recommended that the temperature difference between day and night be controlled at 15-20 ℃.
Reduce humidity, reduce disease
High-humidity environment is the main reason for the increase of vegetable diseases in greenhouses. In the early spring, the climate warms up and the fertilizer and water increase, and the outside temperature is lower and the ventilation is less, resulting in high humidity in the shed, and more diseases such as gray mold, leaf mold, blight and bacteria. It is recommended that you take the following measures to ease:
1. Water small water, water when the ground is dry, and ventilate frequently to reduce the humidity in the shed.
2. Timely medication, smoke and leaf spray can be combined for prevention.
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