Gardenia planting technology
Xiang Xianglan is also known as freesia, Xiaolanlan, Zhilan, Su Xianglan, Xiangxiu, and Yang tuberose. It belongs to the perennial herbaceous flowers of the family Isatis. Native to Cape of Good Hope in southern Africa. At present, there are about 20 species, and the production is often divided into red, yellow, white, and blue cultivars based on the flower color. Because of its early flowering period, bright color, aroma of flowers, and a long flowering period, it can be put on the market in the early spring and the Spring Festival. It can be cut and cultivated, as well as potted in greenhouses, and is favored by flower lovers.
1 The morphological characteristics and habits are bulbous flowers in autumn, flowering in winter and spring, and dormancy in summer. After the bulbs are sowed, the buds of the underground bulbs sprout into the plants, and some varieties of bulbs can germinate under the first bud below the first bud. Each plant has about 6 to 10 basal leaves and two columns. The leaves are linear sword-shaped, full, long 15 ~ 30cm, width 0. 5 to 0.7cm. Flowering stems usually single or branched, 30-45 cm tall, with short stem leaves. Stems erect, with terminal spikes, and the flower axis is nearly straight-angled. Inflorescences funnel-shaped, with 2-10 flowers per inflorescence, flowers on upper side, erect upwards, opening sequentially from bottom to top. Flowers are white, yellow, pink, pink, rose, purple, snow, blue and purple all colors and complex colors, rich in color, but also aroma, and a large flower tetraploid varieties and double varieties. Natural flowering period from February to May, fruiting after flowering, fruit ripening period from June to July, the seeds are dark brown. The underground bulb is a metamorphose, shortened stem with a conical or oval shape. The outer part of the leaf sheath is dry and brown with a fibrous membrane. The diameter of the bulb is 1～5cm. Generally mature bulbs have 4 nodes, each with 1 axillary bud. There are two types of root system. The fibrous root sprouting from the bulb bulb at the base of the bulb is the main absorption root. When a new bulb is formed, a new root sprouting from the new bulb base has a traction effect on the new ball, so it is called traction root.
Xiangxuelan prefers a cool, moist and light-filled environment with poor cold resistance. The suitable temperature for growth is 15 to 20°C, and the lowest temperature for winter is 3 to 5°C. Temperature conditions of 13.5 to 15°C can promote rooting and germination of bulbs. Flower bud differentiation requires a low temperature of 8-13°C. The flower bud development period requires a suitable temperature of 13-18°C. Below 18°C, the flowering period will be postponed and the stem shortened. Higher temperatures promote early flowering, but plant growth is weak. Short-day conditions favour the flower bud differentiation of Xiangshan, and after flower bud differentiation, long days can bloom early. The bulbs are usually sown in September, and flower buds begin to differentiate in about the first half of November, and the differentiation is completed in late November. After the plants reached May of the following year, the leaves gradually withered and the bulbs entered a period of natural dormancy.
2 Cultivating and managing points The conventional cultivation is mainly based on autumn planted globules. In the early spring of the following year, the flowering supply market, Xiangshenlan is not tolerant to cold, and the main facilities are used for protection and cultivation.
2.1 Soil Preparation Xiang Xianglan likes organic rich, strong water retention and well-drained sandy loam, pH6 ~ 7.2. Soil disinfection before planting can be used per square meter of chloronitrobenzene 6 ~ 10g, methyl bromide 50 ~ 70g, Yingdan Dan 8 ~ 12g treatment. After applying the pesticide, turn the tiller flat and sow every 5 to 7 days. The height of the planting bed is about 5cm in the arid area, and the soil surface is not easy to be drained due to high humidity, and the surface should be 20-25cm.
2.2 Preparation of bulbs The natural dormancy period of the bulbs of Xiangshan blue is very long, about 50 to 60 days. After the bulbs are excavated, they are stored at 28 to 31°C and germinated after 2 to 3 months, while the dormancy at 13°C is about 8 months. Therefore, prior to planting, the snow must be treated with high temperature and low temperature to break the dormancy.
(1) Bulbs for selecting cultivation bulbs should be large balls with a diameter of 1 cm or more. In order to reduce the Viral Infection, detoxified tissue culture balls or new balls cultured from seeds and daughter balls must be used. Plantlets usually used seedlings, or seed sowing, small ball cultivation after 1 to 2 years can be bred into high-quality bulbs.
(2) Pre-planting of bulbs Before planting, the bulbs need to be pre-sterilized, break dormancy, and promote rooting. Ball sterilization can be used 500 ~ 800 times carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl and other fungicides to soak bulbs 1 ~ 2h (hours), pick up the shade can be. The rooting treatment should be planted after the roots have emerged. The rooting should not be too long, otherwise the root system may be easily injured when planted.
2. 3 The colonization period for planting ordinary cultivation is from September to October, and the main flowering period is from March to April. When planting, if appropriate sowing, and then promote cultivation and delayed cultivation can give anniversary of the anniversary of the snow. The cultivation distance differs depending on the variety, bulb size, and cultivation season. The average plant spacing is 8cm (10~14) cm, and the planting density per square meter is 80~110 plants. The narrow-leaf varieties are denser than the wide-leaf varieties, the winter cultivation is denser than the summer, and the small balls are denser than the large balls. When planting, it is usually covered with 2~3cm, and it should not be too thick. After planting, the soil surface often covers a thin layer of peat soil or pine needles, straw, sawdust, etc. to keep the soil moist.
2.4 Fertilizer Water Management Soil must be kept moist before planting and before sprouting. After budding, it is necessary to gradually reduce the amount of watering, try to keep the soil surface dry, so as to reduce the air humidity and prevent diseases. From the time of planting to flowering, the organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer applied before planting can basically meet the needs of growth. However, if the plant growth is weak, in the case of 2 to 4 leaves, the application of ammonium nitrate and urea is repeated. Potassium sulfate. 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used for foliar fertilization at the beginning of flowering, but it is best to avoid top dressing before and after budding.
2.5 Temperature Management Temperature management is very important for the production of Xiangxie Lanhua. Generally about 6 weeks after planting, the inflorescence has completely differentiated, and smaller bulbs will be delayed for 2 to 3 weeks. During flower bud differentiation, high temperature above 25°C and low temperature below 10°C should be avoided. From the 4th leaf stage, it is ensured that the temperature is maintained at 13-14°C for more than 4 weeks to induce the flower primordium differentiation during the 4-6 leaf stage, which is favorable for the improvement of cut flower yield and quality. After the emergence of flower buds, the ambient temperature is appropriately increased to promote flowering; however, to prolong the flowering period, when the first flower is opened, the temperature can be reduced to about 15°C, so that the cut flower collection period can be prolonged. Greenhouses and greenhouse management should pay attention to room temperature above 25 °C to ventilate, 10 °C to cover the insulation or heating.
2.6 Light management During the cultivation process, seedling stage and flowering stage should be properly shaded. In the first leaf growth stage, proper shade can reduce ground temperature and promote root development. The short daylight treatment of about 10 hours before flower bud differentiation can promote flower bud differentiation and increase the length of flower stem and the number of flowers and panicles on the inflorescence. Prolonging the sunshine after the flower bud differentiation is completed will promote the good development and early flowering of the inflorescence. Although shenxi hi light, but also to avoid the strong light irradiation, in the light is too strong, the temperature is higher, the use of light transmittance of 70% shade net shading.
2.7 The nets of the scented scented orchids are relatively soft, and the inflorescences grow flexibly. It is easy for flowers to sag and fall down for a long time. At the 3rd to 4th leaf stage of the plant, a stent net can be set up. The first layer net is set at about 25 cm from the ground, and 2 to 3 layers are set with the plant growth. The mesh of the general sheet mesh is a 10 cm10 cm or 10 cm15 cm square.
2. 8 Cut flower harvesting When the first flower on the main flowering branch of Xiang Xuelan is harvested, it is suitable for harvesting. When it is necessary to carry out long-distance transportation or storage, it should be cut when the first flower is exposed or half open. Cutting tools should be disinfected with alcohol to prevent infectious diseases. The cutting position is generally at the base of the main squid of the plant so that the lateral flowers below the main squid can continue to harvest for the second or third time. The length of the cut flowers of the commodity is over 55cm. If the cut flower is small and the flower stem is too short to affect the quality of the product, the main flowering branch may be cut off together with the side branch and then cut off. After cutting, the cut flowers were sorted according to the squid quality grade, and each 10 or 20 branches were tied. The flower part was wrapped in paper and put into fresh water or clean water to absorb water. Dry storage or wet storage at a temperature of 1 to 2°C and 90% relative humidity can be stored for 7 days; outside carton packaging is used. Each box is 300 to 500. The last cut of the cut flower retains at least 2 leaves to facilitate development of the underground part of the bulb, usually after the leaves have yellowed.
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