Farmers should pay attention to porcine edematous disease
In recent years, with the development of animal husbandry, the occurrence of edema disease in piglets has been increasing, which has become the main cause of piglet death after early weaning, and has caused significant economic losses to pig farmers. Therefore, the early diagnosis of edema disease in piglets and the adoption of effective comprehensive prevention and control measures have important practical significance for ensuring the development of the pig industry.
Pathogenesis
After weaning piglets, maternal antibodies that protect piglets from pathogenic bacteria are gradually reduced, the ability of the intestine to resist bacterial colonization is reduced, and protein content in the feed is too high, crude fiber is insufficient, oversaturation, lack of selenium, or climate change, etc. Under the stimuli of unfavorable factors, pathogenic E. coli proliferates in large numbers and relies on colonization factors to adhere to the wall of the small intestine, resulting in a Shigella-like toxin type II variant (SLT-IIV). Certain strains of Escherichia coli causing E. coli produce one or more enterotoxins, such as heat-stable enterotoxins and heat-labile enterotoxins. SLT-IIV is absorbed into the bloodstream by a non-specific mechanism and binds to receptors on vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, blocking the protein synthesis of the target cells, resulting in degeneration and necrosis of the cells, resulting in increased vascular permeability, intravascular macromolecules Substances enter the organization, causing the osmotic pressure of the tissue to rise substantially, and a large number of water molecules entering, eventually causing tissue edema lesions. Heat-stable enterotoxins and heat-labile enterotoxins bind to specific receptors on the small intestine cells, causing intestinal cells to secrete water and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen through enzymatic reactions, leading to diarrhea.
Cause of cause
The digestive physiology of the piglets is not perfect. The characteristics of digestive physiology of weaned piglets determine that their gastric acid secretion is too low, and the activity of digestive enzymes is low, so the digestive capacity is weak, causing the imbalance of intestinal flora, pathogenic E. coli is dominant, and the produced toxins are absorbed by the intestines. , causing piglet edema.
Excessive intake of high protein feeds. The protein content of the piglets' diets is too high, but the digestive physiology of the weaned piglets determines that they have a weaker ability to digest plant proteins. The more feed protein enters the intestine, causes corruption, damages the digestive organs, and causes intestinal fluff Shortened, decreased digestive enzyme activity, causing piglets indigestion and diarrhea, edema of the stomach and intestine walls. Fermentation of undigested proteins in the intestine will destroy the microbial flora in the intestine, causing dysbacteriosis, and pathogenic E. coli will become a predominant microbiota and produce a large number of toxins that cause edema disease in piglets.
Piglets have high pathogenic E. coli colonization rates. The E. coli isolates of 444 diarrhoea piglets showed a 53% isolation rate from 1 day to 5 days, and a separation rate of 14% from 6 days of age to weaning. The main source of infection for this disease was the culprit and the disease. Sick piglets. After the piglet is born, the pathogenic E. coli in the environment is brought into the alimentary canal by sucking the nipple or feeding on other objects. Due to the less stomach acidity of newborn piglets and the lack of protection of colostrum antibodies in some piglets, the pathogenic E. coli can reproduce in the intestine and secrete toxins. Eventually it is absorbed into the intestine and causes edema disease in piglets, leading to severe dehydration. Or acidosis and death.
Stress response. Sudden changes in the feeding environment, sudden refueling, temperature changes, vaccination, and swarming can stress piglets and put them at stress. At this time, the concentration of cortisol in the blood of piglets increases, blood pressure rises, heart rate increases, body immunity decreases, the number of immune cells decreases, various pathogenic bacteria invade, and piglets suffer from indigestion and diarrhea, intestinal structure and environmental changes, and bacterial flora balance. Disorder, E. coli and other pathogenic bacteria predominate, resulting in edema disease in piglets.
Insufficient selenium and vitamin E levels. Vitamin E and selenium are essential nutrients for the animal body. They participate in the antioxidant defense mechanism in the body and protect the structure and function of cells and cell membranes from the damage of lipid peroxide radicals. When the body lacks selenium and vitamin E, the normal tissue structure of the immune organs will be destroyed, the body's immune function and resistance will decline, and some pathogenic E. coli will wait for opportunities to multiply and produce toxins that will be absorbed by the intestines. Occurrence of edema disease in piglets.
Precaution
Due to the complex etiology of piglet edema disease, effective prevention and treatment can only be achieved by adopting appropriate comprehensive prevention and treatment measures.
The key is to prevent and strengthen the feeding and management of lactating piglets and post-weaning.
1. Feeding piglets in a timely manner to improve their digestive capacity. Avoid suddenly weaning and changing feed.
2. Reduce the various stress reactions caused by weaning. Hot or cold weather, vaccination, premature weaning, long-distance transport, and other stressors stimulate piglets, weakening their resistance to pathogenic bacteria, and multiplying harmful bacteria such as E. coli, causing edema disease.
3. Injected piglet edema inactivated vaccine can be injected 15 days to 20 days after the piglet is born, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of edema disease.
4. Control piglet intake. Adopting a free-feeding feeding method can easily lead to snatching and overeating, causing digestive disorders and induced edema.
5. Feed nutrition should be comprehensive. The protein content should not be too high (generally the protein content of piglets should not be higher than 19% within 3 weeks after weaning, in which the plant protein should not exceed 15%), but also pay attention to the supplementation of vitamin E and selenium in the feed, also Intestinal structure improvers can be used in piglet diets to rapidly provide energy for the intestine to maintain the integrity of the intestinal structure of the piglets; microecological agents are added to regulate the balance of the intestinal flora, so that the beneficial bacteria are dominant and reduced. E. coli invasion.
6. Do a good job in environmental sanitation and strictly implement the anti-epidemic system. The selection of species in areas where epidemic areas and epidemics are not known are strictly prohibited and the prevention of the introduction of the epidemic is strictly prevented. In the case of piglet edema disease, measures should be taken immediately to isolate the diseased pigs; thoroughly sterilize contaminated sites and equipment; and treat dead and sick pigs in a harmless manner.
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